College isn’t cheap. It’s a serious investment that can have a wonderful return. If you are concerned about finding money for college, you have options. You can apply for grants, grab yourself a loan or two, or look for scholarships.

Looking for scholarships can be a challenge, because there are so many out there, and the application processes are usually pretty involving. It takes work to track down a scholarship that you qualify for. Once you find one, you have to put together an application package with essays, forms and transcripts. This whole process can seem a bit tedious, but when you consider the possible benefits, it really makes sense try.

Here are some tips for getting scholarship money for college:

Start early. Begin applying for college scholarships immediately after you complete the seventh grade. Okay, so that might be a little bit to early to start applying, but it’s never too early to start pondering. If you have athletic abilities, hone them and use them as a tool to pay for school. If you’re good at music or art or writing or making films or anything, find a way to get paid for being special and creative.

Use the Internet to search the world for scholarships. There’s millions of dollars in aid to be had, but you have to apply for it. Look a little bit everyday, and if you find a scholarship that you can apply for, don’t hesitate. Get your application in immediately.

Look for scholarships while in high school. You’re going to need to have funding lined up for you when you get to college. Utilize your time in high school wisely, so that by the time you get to school, you already have plenty of funding options on the table.

Check out your universities scholarship programs. Find out what scholarships are specific to your college and major. If a former student set up a fund to help kids in your situation, you better know about it and turn in an application.

See if your employer offers any scholarships. Get a job at a fast food place and apply for their corporate dollars. The business will have nice press, and you will have a nice check.

If you don’t get to go to school for free, it’s not the end of the world, but it’s also not the end of your scholarship search. Keep looking for ways to reduce the financial burdens of college. Always keep searching and you’re bound to find something that you qualify for. If you apply and get rejected, use it as motivation. If you let the disappointment get to you, you’ll forget how proactive bout your life this whole scholarship search has made you.

The myriad applications on online transactions extend to the colleges’ and universities’ expansion of services. Both connections are working for the benefit of the student population.

Since the use of the web has been a rudimentary tool for learning - as used by students for research or for online education - it is a smart evolution to link college recruiting scholarship agencies to the net.

After a long period of internet marketing, online recruitment has alleviated the processes of searching for college scholarships, dropping the conventional falling in a long line and standing the heat, sweat and slow processes. Thus, switching from one recruitment company to another is just some clicks away. Not to mention that this is all for free - free from transportation expenses and quotation fees.

This makes it possible that at one time, you are studying the system in a particular scholarship grant of a university and all at once move to another. Then, you can easily compare the benefits, tuition and miscellaneous fees and the governing regulations of the different institutions.

The internet had provided free recruiting companies with credible information. All you had to do is find the directory of those with intellectual property rights and trademarks among the queue of names. Although certain procedures had been taken into account to filter the yellow pages of scams, the student must also be meticulous in choosing where to submit the scholarship grant application. Surely, no one would want his efforts to be wasted.

The online college scholarship recruiting companies offers many advantages. University visits are facilitated while they have the convenience of their privacy. In addition, instant answers are posted even before a query could be made because of FAQ links provided. Navigating the web also introduces other students to other places who are benefited of the scholarship, faculties and sponsoring individuals or companies.

When you have done enough surfing, you are ready to fill up an application form. This is of course after meeting the requirements of the scholarship grant that you intend to apply. The requirements are usually posted together with the ads of the scholarship recruitment company. Certain eligibility factors are considered in online college recruitment just like in the typical process. If you know that you are qualified in the standards set by the board, then there’s no reason to delay the application.

When submitting an application, make sure that you have attached with it the necessary documents. Incompletion of the requirements can lead to disqualification or voidance. In any way, you will receive a notice of acceptance or of denial of your application.

If your application had been approved, well, congratulations then. It’s an achievement credited to you. But if your application has been denied, better try the next one. It’s all about persevering to achieve your goals, after all that is one principal quality of a scholar.

Because the college scholarship recruiting company aims to establish a connection between the student and the university, it also has the responsibility to present the admission process. Necessary information such as dates of enrollment, start of classes and orientation should be laid at the bulletin boards.

All these advantages are laid bare in the net. All you have to do is extend a little effort and scrutinize the validity of the recruiting company. All these sum up to the campaign of education for all.

College Cheerleading Scholarship

Education is a very important gift that parents can give to their children. But because of the difficult times that many families experience, sending their children to school can be quite a burden. Many families are experiencing financial problems which unable them to allow their child to pursue a degree in college.visit now http://e-student-loan.blogspot.com

If your problem is all about money matters, there is no reason to lose hope. You can still find a light at the tunnel’s end if only you know what options are available for you. You must be aware that colleges and universities offer scholarships to qualified students, so why not apply for one.

Some students are gifted with special talents that can be very useful when you go to college. College education is expensive, no matter course or degree you wish to take. And year after year, tuition fees are still getting higher.

During your high school days, you probably enjoyed cheerleading, gymnastics, and dancing. Did you know that now there are universities and colleges that offer cheerleading scholarships? Yes, you’ve heard it right. Cheerleading scholarships can help you a lot in reducing the cost in going to college.

Would-be college students have a lot of options available for them. They can apply for college scholarships and grants such as athletic scholarships, academic scholarships, and most of all, cheerleading scholarships. The best thing about these scholarships is that you’ll get free money which you will use in paying for your college fees. And take note, you don’t have to repay the money that was given to you. Usually, scholarships and grants are funded by the state, federal agencies, and private entities/institutions.

The four factors that you should consider in looking for a cheerleading scholarship are the four W’s.

1. Who

The first this that you should do is to find the advisor or coach of the cheerleading team. Ask for the name that’s in charge in the department of financial aid. Then you should contact these persons, and tell them that you want to apply for a scholarship. There are websites which can provide you with the needed information in applying for a cheerleading scholarship. When making a correspondence, make sure that you do it in a professional way. Tell your parents what your plans are for college.

2. What

Ask the proper authority for the available financial aid for cheerleading scholarships. Take note of all the requirements, and should there be try outs, prepare yourself well. You have to prepare all your paper work and other financial records.

3. Where

The place where you are going to get your college degree is of utmost consideration. You can choose a college at a local place or you can attend abroad (if your finances allow it). The internet is a very useful tool for searching through different colleges and universities in your locality or state.

4. When

Ask and take note of the deadline of the application and requirements. Make sure that you meet all of them on time. And after submitting your papers, do some follow-ups.

Some students might be overwhelmed of the things that will come their way in college. The best way to experience all of this is through a scholarship. Aside from being able to attend college classes, you’re also enjoying what you love best, cheerleading. Your hobby now has helped you go through college.visit now http://e-student-loan.blogspot.com

Chiang Mai University Online TEFL Scholarship Contest

The Chiang Mai University Online TEFL Program is pleased to announce the availability of two scholarships for free tuition to our Online TEFL Certification Program.

This course has been entirely authored by the experts at the Language Institute.  The content is similar to that of the 120-hour, on campus course but the online curriculum delves deeper into the theory, philosphy and psychology of effictive language teaching.

This program offers the convenience of learning at  your own pace from anywhere with an internet connection and can be completed in as little as two weeks or can be taken slowly over six months.

All interested applicants must submit an essay of 300 words or more which addresses the following question.

Why do you want to teach?

All essays should be pasted onto the (Your Message) section of the (Contact Page) on the Chiang Mai University Language Institute web site.

Just visit us at www.teflcmu.com, click on contact and paste your essay.

The deadline for submission is December 31, 2008

The scholarship winners will be announced during the second week in January 2009.

The Scholarships will be awarded to the two best essays.

Please feel free to be creative, funny, serious personal or academic in your approach to this essay.

The scholarships will cover all tuition for the course and certification upon successful completion.

All successful graduates will receive their Chiang Mai University Online TEFL Certification by mail.

Any further questions can be directed to the Chiang Mai Online TEFL Team by using the contact page on the web site.

Good Luck.

We are looking forward to your essays.

Chiang Mai University TEFL Program

Enrolling in best US colleges of good reputation remains a dream for many students. Financial restriction poses a major problem for 90% students. On an average note, a normal college charge up to 15,000 to 20,000 dollars as yearly fees. For this, college studies have become a novelty of the rich. Some students leave college mid-way; others do not even enter the college gates due to high fees structure.

US Universities try to solve this problem to a considerable extent by offering several kinds of scholarships to deserving people. Now, many students may step into prestigious colleges for less or minimal fees. There are many online college directories and guide sites for enthusiastic students to pursue studies in US universities.

University scholarships grants are similar everywhere. Some colleges recognize minority groups for scholarship grants, some cover part expense of highly intellectual students. Some universities even give full grants to exceptionally intelligent students.

Using college scholarship research and college directories search, you may track down those affluent universities that may suit your needs. Normal SEO such as Yahoo, Google or Lycos may not provide exclusive guidance as these college scholarship researches. Some researches show more than 40,000 colleges that give funds and grants to prospective students. Apart from these scholarships there are special awards given to those students who excel in any particular educational field.

These awards all put together are worth millions of dollars. Some of the best US colleges try to give scholarship grants plus individual wards for excellence in educational fields for all deserving students. You may have to give a detailed account of your academic career apart from your country address, race, birth certification numbers, mail ids and proof of citizenship.

Online college and school directories help you choose preferred location and study curriculum. From aeronautics, instrumentation, agriculture, agricultural science & engineering, fine arts, historical art, business management course, etc-there are thousands of course lined up for students to choose their pathway in education and career.

They may also guide you on reasonable online tuitions, resources e books and expertise support. The advantage of flexible study wherever you are and getting a recognized online degree are other newer advantages in this modern world.

So, wherever you are in the world, you may now apply for a US university enrollment as a student and get 100% authentic certificates after the completion of the academic courses.

Online US University Directory for College Search in US help you choose preferred location and study curriculum.

Education is a very important gift that parents can give to their children. But because of the difficult times that many families experience, sending their children to school can be quite a burden. Many families are experiencing financial problems which unable them to allow their child to pursue a degree in college.

If your problem is all about money matters, there is no reason to lose hope. You can still find a light at the tunnel’s end if only you know what options are available for you. You must be aware that colleges and universities offer scholarships to qualified students, so why not apply for one.

Some students are gifted with special talents that can be very useful when you go to college. College education is expensive, no matter course or degree you wish to take. And year after year, tuition fees are still getting higher.

During your high school days, you probably enjoyed cheerleading, gymnastics, and dancing. Did you know that now there are universities and colleges that offer cheerleading scholarships? Yes, you’ve heard it right. Cheerleading scholarships can help you a lot in reducing the cost in going to college.

Would-be college students have a lot of options available for them. They can apply for college scholarships and grants such as athletic scholarships, academic scholarships, and most of all, cheerleading scholarships. The best thing about these scholarships is that you’ll get free money which you will use in paying for your college fees. And take note, you don’t have to repay the money that was given to you. Usually, scholarships and grants are funded by the state, federal agencies, and private entities/institutions.

The four factors that you should consider in looking for a cheerleading scholarship are the four W’s.

1. Who

The first this that you should do is to find the advisor or coach of the cheerleading team. Ask for the name that’s in charge in the department of financial aid. Then you should contact these persons, and tell them that you want to apply for a scholarship. There are websites which can provide you with the needed information in applying for a cheerleading scholarship. When making a correspondence, make sure that you do it in a professional way. Tell your parents what your plans are for college.

2. What

Ask the proper authority for the available financial aid for cheerleading scholarships. Take note of all the requirements, and should there be try outs, prepare yourself well. You have to prepare all your paper work and other financial records.

3. Where

The place where you are going to get your college degree is of utmost consideration. You can choose a college at a local place or you can attend abroad (if your finances allow it). The internet is a very useful tool for searching through different colleges and universities in your locality or state.

4. When

Ask and take note of the deadline of the application and requirements. Make sure that you meet all of them on time. And after submitting your papers, do some follow-ups.

Some students might be overwhelmed of the things that will come their way in college. The best way to experience all of this is through a scholarship. Aside from being able to attend college classes, you’re also enjoying what you love best, cheerleading. Your hobby now has helped you go through college.

Is it time to junk the Electoral College? By formulating such an arcane method of electing the executive, the founding fathers hoped to insulate the presidency from popular emotions while, at the same time, protecting thinly populated states from domination by the great cities. The College works by having the state legislatures pick people to vote for the President. Each state has the number of electors as it has representatives to the congress, both House and Senate. These were to be the most able people of the state…in theory. What quickly evolved was that each party would nominate a slate of electors. The political party that won the state’s popular vote would have their slate of electors get the right to vote for President. A “win” was considered 50% plus one vote This has been the method of electing our Presidents since the founding of the republic. There have been consequences not intended by the founders. They have shaped what kind of party system we have. The structure of elections has determined the ways campaigns are run. They have even affected the way in which our government is organized. The “winner-take-all” system also shapes the campaign. Since only one vote more than the competing party is required, there is no reason to give campaign resources to states where a particular candidate is well ahead or too far behind to compete. The battlegrounds are those states that could go either way. In a tight campaign the votes of small states become critical in putting together an electoral majority. Because a state’s entire electoral vote is determined by which party gets one vote more than the next, there is no advantage in voting for a party that will come short of that goal. Ten percent means no vote at all. It makes sense then that we have two parties because that’s the surest way to win the privilege of casting the electoral vote. While third parties might have influence at the state level, it is almost impossible to have an effect at the Presidential level. A popular-vote election means Presidential candidates no longer visiting small, closely contested states. It reduces their influence. The electoral wars will be waged only in the large cities. The changes don’t stop there. Remember, we now nominate candidates by state primaries. Electing people by a national popular vote would cause those to merge into a national primary. After all, if states no longer elect the President, why should they nominate the candidate? There’s a whole new national campaign. college map college map A popular election of the President would change that. No longer would a national campaign be necessary. A President, political scientists tell us, could be elected in the six largest TV. markets. Campaigns would be waged in the large cities and their suburbs. Rural areas would be completely ignored. That is especially true for Democrats. The parties would spend their resources in those areas where they are already strong. Political professionals know it’s easier to expand the percentage of your vote in places you’re already ahead. That is seen today. Republicans don’t waste their resources in mainly African-American areas. Nor do the Democrats campaign in strong Republican precincts. The process has become longer and more expensive. But, that’s not the end. Would a party want its candidate to be one with only, say, 20% of the vote? Probably not. A national run-off primary will evolve to insure one candidate wins 50%.. Electoral college map with numbers electoral college map with numbers

college supply list

Another problem now rears its ugly head…the national election. Recall that the Electoral College and the winner-take-all system forced the parties to campaign state by state. Since only a one-vote majority was required to carry that state, third parties found it impossible to exist. They could never have an influence. Not so with a popular vote election. Here a small party getting fifteen or twenty percent could have a large impact on who is elected. In fact, the vote could be spread among several small political parties. Would the nation be content with the President being elected with, say, 30% of the popular vote? Maybe not. There is a way around the problem. The old One-Party-Democratic-South solved it. It’s called the run-off election. Now there are four possible national campaigns: the first national primary, the run-off national primary, the national election, and the run-off national election. Another effect is one that strikes at the government itself. It’s likely that a multi-party system would evolve with elected officials from many different small ideological groups. How would the government work? Our national government is organized around two parties. Could it accommodate coalitions? There is no way to tell. All of the governments that have multi-party systems are Cabinet governments. There are built in mechanisms for bringing down the government and holding new elections when the governing coalition loses public support. Our constitution has no provision for such a circumstance. It’s possible the popular election of the President would force the U. S. to completely change its government from a Presidential to a Cabinet form. Some people argue that would be a good thing. It would, they say, make the government more responsive. They’re right. But, it would also make it unstable. Our constitution creates government that is slow to respond because the framers wanted ideas to have time for thorough review and debate before they were made into national policy.

Everyone at some point has experienced an impasse in communication; those frustrating occasions when it all breaks down and people want to get up and walk out. Just look at a sample of recent headlines: “Peace Talks Breakdown” or “Labor Negotiations at a Stalemate” or “Negotiations Fail to Result in an Accord”. When the stakes are high and people are afraid they have something to loose communication becomes strained and people stop listening to one another. Usually this is while claiming that the people on the other side of the table are actually the ones who are not doing the listening. We get so concerned and fearful about getting other people to hear what we have to say, we become unwilling to hear what they have to say.

Indeed, listening seems sometimes as if it is a rare happening among human beings. We can’t really listen to another person speaking if we’re preoccupied, or if we’re trying to decide what we’re going to say when the other stops talking, or if we’re debating about whether what is being spoken is true or relevant or agreeable. Listening, in other words, is being accessible and open to what is being said.

At Landmark Education we contend that listening has an amazing power. It gives life to what is being spoken. You might even say it is with the listener that both the speaker and what is spoken exist and come alive. Think of how inspired and enlivened the elderly can become when you sit down and have an extended conversation with them. Think about what happens when someone is really listening to you. Ever notice that you become funnier and more playful when someone laughs at your jokes? What about when a child recognizes that adults are actually listening to them? Their whole demeanor shifts. In the programs of Landmark Education, you find yourself with a new ability to listen to others. You find yourself inspired by the people you have in your life. When you truly listen to people you discover the best of what they have to offer.

Speaking, meanwhile, can be something more than talking, more than the exchange of symbols or information, more than saying what you really think. In speaking we can share ourselves; we can evoke experience in others. Speaking is where our ideas become clear and possible. It is where others are expanded by our time spent with them. It allows for the futures we create. Speaking lives in poetry, in the appreciation of another, in idle conversations that pass the time, in great theories and books that give rise to wonder and thought.

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Speaking allows for “who” and “how” we “are” in the world. It is what gives voice to all that is possible in being human. In our ability to speak and share we have the ability to shape the world we live in.

In the courses of Landmark Education you find that true communication is creation. It has the power to shape, determine, and alter the course and quality of our lives. It moves people. It generates experience in others. It not only delivers information to others, it actually transforms their ability to hear. True communication transforms both the speaker and listener.

The Landmark Forum suggests that what it is to be human has its own domain and that domain is one of language—of communication, of conversation. Through communication —the realm of language, of conversation—each of us has complete access to ourselves, to others, to the very essence and possibility of what it means to be human.

This is the essence of what Landmark Education is about and what The Landmark Forum provides.

Copyright © 2007 Landmark Education. All rights reserved.

The Indian education industry is in its development stage. With economic growth and enhanced technology it has become necessary to develop the structure of the Indian education sector. Funds are a major concern in the market though government has taken many initiatives for the development of education infrastructure which can be fulfilled by private players. The government has opened the doors for foreign universities which will help in shaping the education industry structure.

The numbers of junior basic schools are highest in the country and there is a strong need to set up higher secondary schools as well as colleges with a focus on IT education. Government has set up many ICT schools but still more than fifty percent of the market is untapped which shows an opportunity for private players. In respect to the country’s population and number of students, trained teacher’s ratio is low which emphasizes the need of training institutes. The growing IT industry in India is driving IT education and training market as well as enhanced teaching techniques.

The report highlights opportunities prevailing in the Indian education industry. It focuses on market size of all the segments like schools, colleges, other institutes and ICT schools. The number of professional colleges highlights the need of new teaching techniques and bright future of vocational training market. Scope of foreign universities is a part of the report and it also gives an overview of issues in regard to the foreign universities entering in India. Competitive landscape is also a part of the report which tells the level of competition and major players in the market. The report profiles major players with focus on key strategies adopted by them.

Table of Contents :

1. Indian Education Industry

1.1 Overview

1.2 Indian Education Industry Structure

2. Market Size

2.1 Global Comparison

2.2 Indian Education Market

2.2.1 Total Market Size

2.2.2 School Education

2.2.3 Universities/Colleges

2.2.4 Women Colleges

2.2.5 Professional Colleges

2.2.6 Vocational Training Market

3. Role of Information & Communication Technology

Budget Allocation

Opportunity for ICT Players

4. Foreign Education in India

4.1 Scope for Foreign Universities

Students Going Abroad for Higher Studies

Affordable Education Programs

Foreign Universities Seek Partnerships in India

Spending on Education as Compared to GDP

Corporate Training Market

4.2 Issues for Foreign Universities entering Indian Market

AICTE Nod Mandatory for Foreign Universities

5. Industry Trends

5.1 Opportunities in K-12 segment

Focus on Technology and IT Infrastructure

Supplementary Teaching and Teacher Training

5.2 Virtual and Technology Enabled Learning Solutions

5.3 Growth of Indian IT Industry

6. Issues

6.1 Slow Implementation Process

6.2 Poor Infrastructure and Significant Dropouts

7. Competitive Landscape

Market Share

8. Company Profiles

8.1 Everonn Systems India Limited

Overview

Business Strategies

Geographic Expansion

Coaching Institutes a Medium of Business Expansion

School Management Services

8.2 Educomp Solutions Limited

Overview

Business Strategies

Direct Initiatives

Early Identification of Market Opportunities

Large Portfolio

8.3 NIIT

Overview

Business Strategies

Expanding Beyond IT Training

Acquisitions Leverages Growth

Focus on Specific Vertical Industry Segments

Specialization in Banking Operations

List of Tables

Indian Education Market by Segments (2007)

School Education: Number of Institutions (2007)

New Entrants to Grade 1 of Primary Education in India (2000-06)

Number of Higher Education Institutions (2006)

Number of Women Colleges (2000-07)

Indian Students in US (1997-2007)

Sector-wise Expenditure (Plan & Non Plan) on Education (2007-08)

Total Number of Schools in India (2007)

Education Sector - Targets and Achievements (2006)

Schools without Basic Facilities (2004-06)

Dropout Rates in Schools (2000-07)

Competitors Valuation (2007-09E)

Educomp Solutions - Revenue by Business Segments (2006-08)

NIIT - Revenue by Geography (2006-08)

List of Charts

Indian Education Industry Structure

Number of Post Graduates in Different Countries (2006)

Expenditure on Education: India vs. Other Countries (2006)

Level-wise Students Enrolment Breakdown (2006)

Professional Colleges Breakdown (2007)

Vocational Training Market by Segments (2006)

Government Budget Allocations to ICT in Schools Project (2006-08)

Opportunity for ICT players (2007)

Total IT Education in India (2007)

IT Education Revenues (2007)

India based IT Training Providers Revenues (2000-07)

US Students Coming to India (2005-06)

Indian IT Industry (2005-07)

Indian IT Training Industry (2000-07)

Market Share - ICT Education Market (2007)

ICT School Implementation by Market Players (2007)

Everonn Systems - Revenue & Asset Comparison (2004-08)

Click Here For More Information

Educational/School Psychology in the Pursuit of Human Well-Being

 

 

Introduction

 

            Now we are living in the technological modern world. With the help of science and technology we have developed in all fields. India is a developing country. We have lot of human resources after China. But the literacy rate is very low when compared to other developed and developing countries in the world. India is a rich country, but Indians are poor. With the help of science and technology and by utilizing all sources in the proper way it is possible to India to become a developed country in the world. In the modern world people living with high tension. The student in schools and colleges are also living with high tension because of heavy competitions. It is necessary to introduce psychology as a general subject in all the classes both at school and college levels. Yoga and meditation is also necessary for each and every one in the world.

Definition of Education

Ø      Education is the learning of human souls to what is best, and making what is best out of them?

–        John Ruskin

Ø      Education is a weapon, whose effect depends on who holds it is his hands and at whom it is aimed.

                                                                                                    – Joseph Stalin

The word education is derived from the Latin educare, meaning “to raise”, “to bring up”, “to train”, “to rear”. Education means the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. Education is a preparation for life. Education is also defined as the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university).

Importance of Education

India is a union comprised of twenty eight states and seven Territories. The Constitution provides directives regarding the development of education throughout the country. The areas in which the respective central and state governments have domain have been identified in the Constitution as the central list, state list and concurrent list. Until the late 1970s, school education had been on the state list, which meant that states had the final say in the management of their respective school systems. However, in 1976, education was transferred to the concurrent list through a constitutional amendment, the objective being to promote meaningful educational partnerships between the central and state governments. Today, the central government establishes broad education policies for school curricula development and management practices. These serve as guidelines for the states.

 

Generally, at the start of a very young age, children learn to develop and use their mental, moral and physical powers, which they acquire through various types of education. Education is commonly referred to as the process of learning and obtaining knowledge at school, in a form of formal education. However, the process of education does not only start when a child first attends school. Education begins at home. One does not only acquire knowledge from a teacher; one can learn and receive knowledge from a parent, family member and even an acquaintance. In almost all societies, attending school and receiving an education is extremely vital and necessary if one wants to achieve success.

Educational Psychology

Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Although the terms “educational psychology” and “school psychology” are often used interchangeably, researchers and theorists are likely to be identified as educational psychologists, whereas practitioners in schools or school-related settings are identified as school psychologists. Educational psychology is concerned with the processes of educational attainment among the general population and sub-populations such as gifted children and those subject to specific disabilities

            Educational psychology can in part be understood through its relationship with other disciplines. It is informed primarily by psychology, bearing a relationship to that discipline analogous to the relationship between medicine and biology. Educational psychology in turn informs a wide range of specialities within educational studies, including instructional design, educational technology, curriculum development, organizational learning, special education and classroom management. Educational psychology both draws from and contributes to cognitive science and the learning sciences. In universities, departments of educational psychology are usually housed within faculties of education, possibly accounting for the lack of representation of educational psychology content in introductory psychology textbooks.

Uses of Educational Psychology

For finding Individual differences and Disabilities

            Each person has an individual profile of characteristics, abilities and challenges that result from learning and development. These manifest as individual differences in intelligence, creativity, cognitive style, motivation, and the capacity to process information, communicate, and relate to others. The most prevalent disabilities found among school age children are attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disability, dyslexia, and speech disorder. Less common disabilities include mental retardation, hearing impairment, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and blindness.

Although theories of intelligence have been discussed by philosophers since Plato, intelligence testing is an invention of educational psychology, and is coincident with the development of that discipline. Continuing debates about the nature of intelligence revolve on whether intelligence can be characterized by a single, scalar factor (Spearman’s general intelligence), multiple factors (as in Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence and Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences), or whether it can be measured at all. In practice, standardized instruments such as the Stanford-Binet IQ test and the WISC are widely used in economically developed countries to identify children in need of individualized educational treatment. Children classified as gifted are often provided with accelerated or enriched programs. Children with identified deficits may be provided with enhanced education in specific skills such as phonological awareness.

 For Social, Moral and Cognitive Developemnt      

To understand the characteristics of learners in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, educational psychology develops and applies theories of human development. Often cast as stages through which people pass as they mature, developmental theories describe changes in mental abilities (cognition), social roles, moral reasoning, and beliefs about the nature of knowledge.

For example, educational psychologists have researched the instructional applicability of Jean Piaget’s theory of development, according to which children mature through four stages of cognitive capability. Piaget hypothesized that children are not capable of abstract logical thought until they are older than about 11 years, and therefore younger children need to be taught using concrete objects and examples. Researchers have found that transitions, such as from concrete to abstract logical thought, do not occur at the same time in all domains. A child may be able to think abstractly about mathematics, but remain limited to concrete thought when reasoning about human relationships. Perhaps Piaget’s most enduring contribution is his insight that people actively construct their understanding through a self-regulatory process.

Piaget proposed a developmental theory of moral reasoning in which children progress from a naive understanding of morality based on behavior and outcomes to a more advanced understanding based on intentions. Piaget’s views of moral development were elaborated by Kohlberg into a stage theory of moral development. There is evidence that the moral reasoning described in stage theories is not sufficient to account for moral behavior. For example, other factors such as modeling (as described by the social cognitive theory of morality) are required to explain bullying.

Developmental theories are sometimes presented not as shifts between qualitatively different stages, but as gradual increments on separate dimensions. Development of epistemological beliefs (beliefs about knowledge) have been described in terms of gradual changes in people’s belief in: certainty and permanence of knowledge, fixedness of ability, and credibility of authorities such as teachers and experts. People develop more sophisticated beliefs about knowledge as they gain in education and maturity.

Psychology and Teacher

            Teacher is a national builder. He has a power to change the world through education. According to our Indians teacher is a third god. Teacher plays a prominet role in the development of society. Educational Psychology is a main subject in  teacher education at D.Ed., B.Ed., and M.Ed. levels. It is necessary for each and every teacher to know about psychology. Becausse it is necessary to know the behaviour of the students in the class. Teacher has different roles  like father, advisor, councellor, administrator and well wisher. The future of any country is in the hands of teachers. So it is necessary to give importance for teacher education. So our government introduced psychology subject in teacher education curriculum.

After undergoing the course, the student teacher

1)      Explains psychology and its relationship with Education.

2)      Classifies different branches of psychology and explains their significance.

3)      Explains the importance of heredity and environment and its influences in educational process.

4)      Explains the different aspects of the development of the child.

5)      Explains the growth and human beings and their behaviour.

6)      Describes the individual aspects of the development of the child.

7)      Explains the primary needs of the children.

8)      Explains the secondary needs of the children.

9)      Explains the theories of learning and the factors influencing learning.

10)  Explains the concept of socialization.

11)  Explains the different types of learning.

12)  Understands the concept of motivation and the steps to be taken to motivate the children.

13)  Explains attention and its uses.

14)  Develops skill of observation, listening, responding and understanding.

15)  Describes memory, remembering and forgetting and identifies conditions of good memory.

16)  Describes the effects of different methods used for learning process.

17)  Explains thinking process and its uses-perception, conception, apperception for different ages.

18)  Explains the role of creativity and its development.

19)  Explains the meaning of intelligence and understands the changing concept of intelligence.

20)  Enhances personality development of pupils.

21)  Describes the mental hygiene and mental health.

22)  Understands exceptional children and their significance.

23)  Practices guidance and counseling for school pupils.

Conclusion

          Educational psychology is an application of the principles of psychology for effective learning and modification of behaviour on desirable dimensions.  Knowledge of educational psychology makes a teacher effective in motivating the pupils in their learning.  In short it is an inseparable part of strategy in education. Education gives knowledge, wealth and health. Education is a solution for all types of problems in the society. Through education only it is possible overall development of a person in the society. Through education it is easy to know about behavour of the students and persons in the society with the help of psychology. So it is necessary to study psychology all persons in the society in the modern world. Educational Psychology helps the overall development of the student.

References

1. Educational psychology a cognitive view by Asubel, D.P. 

2..Element of educational psychology by Bhatia, H.R. 

3. Psychology applied to teaching by Bichler, R.F. 

4. Educational psychology by Cole, E.C. and Bruce, W.F.

5. http:/ www.google.com

 

 

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